Growing citrus fruits, such as oranges, lemons, tangerines, and grapefruit, requires careful planning to obtain high-quality fruit. In this guide, we explore the ideal soil type, tree and fruit growth phases, the most suitable organic fertilization, essential nutrients, and best irrigation practices to optimize citrus yield.
Soil suitable for citrus trees
Citrus trees prefer well-drained, deep soils with a pH between 5.5 and 7.5. The best options are sandy loam soils, as they allow good aeration and moisture retention without waterlogging. It is essential to avoid heavy clay soils, which can cause root asphyxiation.
Soil preparation
- Conduct a soil analysis before planting.
- Incorporate organic matter such as compost or well-rotted manure.
- Improve drainage if the soil retains too much water.
- Apply lime if the pH is too acidic or elemental sulfur if it is too alkaline.
Phases of tree and fruit growth
The development of citrus fruits is divided into several fundamental phases:
1. Germination and initial development (0-2 years)
- The use of disease-resistant rootstocks is recommended.
- Formative pruning is required to strengthen the structure of the tree.
2. Vegetative growth (3-5 years)
- Foliage development and strengthening of the root system.
- Production of flowers and fruits begins in small quantities.
3. Productive stage (5-20 years)
- Stable production and high quality of fruits.
- Proper tree maintenance through regular pruning and fertilization.
4. Senescence >
- Progressive reduction in performance.
- Planting new trees is recommended to maintain productivity.
Organic fertilization at every stage
Using organic fertilizers when growing citrus improves soil health and fruit quality. Fertilization should be adapted to each development phase:
1. Initial stage (0-2 years)
- Apply compost or worm humus to strengthen the root system.
- Use of mycorrhizae to improve nutrient absorption.
2. Vegetative growth (3-5 years)
- Incorporate well-rotted manure to encourage growth.
- Using compost tea to enhance microbial activity.
3. Fruit production (5-20 years)
- Application of mature compost in spring and autumn.
- Biofertilizers rich in potassium and phosphorus to improve flowering and fruiting.
4. Senescence phase
- Use of algae extracts and humic acids to revitalize the tree.
Essential nutrients and micronutrients
Growing citrus requires a balanced combination of macronutrients and micronutrients:
Macronutrients
- Nitrogen (N): Essential for vegetative growth.
- Phosphorus (P): Promotes root development and flowering.
- Potassium (K): Key to fruit formation and quality.
Micronutrients
- Iron (Fe): Prevents iron chlorosis in alkaline soils.
- Zinc (Zn): Necessary for the development of new shoots.
- Boron (B): Improves fruiting and seed formation.
Irrigation and water management
Irrigation is crucial for tree development and fruit quality. It is recommended:
- Drip irrigation: Allows for efficient supply and prevents waterlogging.
- Frequency:
- In growth stage: Frequent watering with less water.
- During flowering and fruiting: Increase watering to prevent fruit drop.
- In winter: Reduce watering to prevent root diseases.
- Humidity monitoring: Use of sensors or tensiometers to adjust irrigation frequency.
Other best practices
- Pest and disease control: Use of organic preparations such as neem oil or garlic extracts.
- Regular pruning: Promotes aeration and reduces the risk of disease.
- Mulching: Conserves moisture and improves soil structure.
Growing citrus fruits efficiently requires knowing the soil conditions, the phases of tree development, and the needs for proper fertilization and irrigation. Implementing good agricultural practices, along with sustainable management, allows for obtaining healthy, high-quality crops.
How BH Terra can help you
To optimize citrus cultivation, it is essential to select organic fertilizers that provide the necessary nutrients at each stage of development. BH Terra offers a range of products suitable for this purpose. Below are some recommended options:
This fertilizer is formulated to correct multiple deficiencies in crops such as citrus. It contains copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc, all of which are complexed to facilitate their absorption. In addition, the inclusion of seaweed provides a stimulating effect on plant growth.
Potassium is crucial for the formation and quality of citrus fruits. This BH Terra fertilizer is especially suitable for citrus fruits, providing 20% water-soluble potassium oxide, which favors optimal fruit development.
3. Foliar Fertilizer with Amino Acids
For instant and highly absorbed nutrition, this foliar fertilizer with amino acids allows nutrients to be supplied directly through the leaves, optimizing absorption and utilization efficiency. It is ideal for times of stress or to complement soil fertilization.
Humic fertilizers improve soil structure, increase nutrient retention and promote healthy plant growth. They are especially beneficial for maintaining soil health in citrus crops over the long term.
When selecting these fertilizers, it is important to follow the application recommendations provided by BH Terra and consider the specific needs of your citrus trees based on their stage of development and soil conditions. Proper fertilization will contribute to obtaining high-quality harvests and maintaining the health of your citrus crops.